Gender disparity, or gender inequality, refers to the unequal treatment or representation of individuals based on their gender. This can manifest in various forms, including unequal access to opportunities, resources, and rights; differences in power dynamics; and stereotypes and biases that affect gender roles and expectations. Research in this area aims to understand the root causes of gender disparity, explore its impacts on individuals and societies, and develop strategies to address and eliminate these inequalities. Topics in this research area may include pay gaps, representation in leadership positions, access to education and healthcare, gender-based violence, and societal norms and attitudes towards gender.